Creating Cyberspace

How the development of computation has changed and will continue to transform a specific area of culture and society ?

计算发展如何发生变化并将继续改变文化和社会特定领域？

The future direction of computing is to blend in with emotion

主题：计算的未来方向是与情感融为一

In modern society, it is not difficult for us to find that the development of computing technology is centered on human experience, like mouse design, facial recognition and big data model. Intelligent computers have improved human life conditions and behavior patterns. People have begun to rely on computing networks, fearing that super-intelligent computing systems will surpass and replace humans and hope that it can serve themselves. Kevin Kelly argued that super-intelligent computing could not rule the world, because human beings viewed the future development of AI with computational thinking without universal intelligence, and in fact computers did not have infinite memory or time. Although we have already realized that the thinking model of computers is completely inconsistent with the cognitive model of humans. But we still hope that computing technology can recognize and respond to human emotions, and produce more automated services. Therefore, computers need to know our thinking patterns and emotional expressions. Emotional computing is the field that tries to bridge the gap between human emotion and machine response. When computing technology begins to incorporate people's emotions into the design, computers can fully perform tasks and make better decisions.

在现代社会不难发现，计算技术的发展是以人的体验为中心进行运转的。例如，鼠标的设计，面部识别，大数据模型。智能计算机改善了人类的生活条件和行为模式，人们开始依赖计算网络，既惧怕超智能计算系统超越并取代人类又希望它能服务于自己。Kevin Kelly认为超智能计算无法统治世界，因为人类在没有通用智能的情况下用计算思维看待了AI的未来发展，实际上计算机并没有无限的内存或时间。尽管我们早已经意识到计算机的思维模式和人类的认知模式完全不一致。但是我们仍然希望计算技术可以识别人类的情感并做出反应，产出更加自动化的服务。因此计算机需要知道我们的思维模式和情感表达方式。情感计算就是试图弥合人类情感与机器响应之间的鸿沟的领域。当计算技术开始将人们的情感纳入设计范围时，计算机可以充分执行任务并做出更好的决策。

Take the turning point in the development of cameras as an example. When digital photography is widely used, people no longer regard the camera as a microcomputer. On the contrary, people like to discuss its usage scenarios and pay attention to the quality of the content captured by the camera. The filter effect in the image beauti- fication app is one of the application branches of emotional computing: detecting and identifying emotional information. It is an entertainment product derived from the camera function. Before computing, people were interested in the photography function of cameras because of the professional operation technology. When the consumer wave rises, people pay more attention to the practicality of the camera. With the emergence of the automatic focusing function in digital photography technology, people began to enjoy the fun of photography. After shooting has

become a basic built-in function of mobile phones, photo content has become more interesting to people. With the improvement of computing level, image transmission, wide-angle lens, filter and other functions have appeared one after another. Photo-graphy has expanded from professional applications to the field of entertainment activities. After the emergence of AI technology, face filters, real-time beauty and

other functions have been sought after by people and become one of daily entertainment. Digital computing has tailored responses around people's emotions. Due to the development of face detection technology and gesture recognition technology under the filling of the basic database, there will be a potential development direction in the entertainment-based recognition technology in the future: virtual character images can be presented in the real world in real time, and people's faces will be auto-matically Mapping some signals, relying on these signals can enter the information system of others and the environment expansion scene. People will be free from the shackles of mobile phones and other computer devices.

以照相机发展的转折点为例，当数码摄影广泛应用后，人们就不再将相机看作一个微型计算机了，相反，人们喜欢讨论它的使用场景并关注相机拍摄的内容质量。美图软件中的滤镜效果就是情感计算的其中一个应用分支：检测和识别情绪信息。它是基于照相功能衍生出的娱乐产品。在从事计算之前，人们对于相机的照相功能的兴趣在于其操作技术，当消费浪潮兴起后，人们更加关注于相机的实用性。随着数码摄影技术中的自动化对焦功能出现后，人们开始享受摄影的乐趣。在拍摄成为手机基本的内置功能之后，照片内容成为了人们更加感兴趣的事情。随着计算水平的提高，影像传送，广角镜头，滤镜等功能相继出现。摄影从专业应用扩展到了娱乐活动的领域。在AI技术出现后，人脸滤镜，实时美颜等功能受到人们的追捧，成为日常娱乐之一。数字计算已经围绕着人们的情感进行量身定制的响应了。由于面部检测技术，手势识别技术在基础数据库的填充下的发展，未来在以娱乐为主的识别技术上出现了潜在的发展方向：虚拟的形象可以实时呈现在现实世界中，人们的面部可以自动映射一些信号，依靠这些信号就能进入他人的信息系统中，以虚拟的形象进入环境扩充的场景。人们将从手机等计算机装置的束缚中解脱出来。

Another characteristic development of affective computing is reflected in the auto-motive industry. Nowadays, networked computing can be seen everywhere in the driving space of automobiles. The color dashboard is connected to the automatic parking warning system, and the navigation interface can control driving information and functions such as music, air conditioning, and entertainment. We are used to these configurations on the car. In the earlier car-making technology, electronic technology and devices did not account for such a large proportion of the cost. Therefore, the trend of gradual improvement in driving experience can be observed. The emergence of electronic technology devices in cars means that people are beginning to focus on human emotional needs in the continuous development of reducing driving difficulty, improving speed and safety. Now, people have imagined that the car is handed over to the computer for automatic driving, so emotional

factors and emotional states are more important in computing for enhancing safety and comfort. The computing system is still evaluating and adjusting the feasibility of monitoring the driver's attention and automatically identifying various states of the driver. Perhaps the future calculation and recognition function can automatically adjust the atmosphere in the car according to the driver's mood, and recognize whether the driver is in a tired physical state by the way of sitting posture. These functions are all possible in the future.The impact of autonomous vehicles will not be limited to public transportation systems, but should also have the potential to shock other industries. In any case, the study of the driver's emotional model is the first step in the calculation program, because from manual driving to computer automatic driving, there are still huge psychological obstacles waiting for people to overcome.

情感计算的另一个特色发展体现在汽车工业中，如今，联网计算在汽车的驾驶空间内，处处可见。彩色仪表板连接着自动泊车警示系统，导航操作界面可以控制着音乐、空调、娱乐等行车信息与功能。我们已经习惯了汽车上的这些配置。在更早之前的造车技术中，电子技术与装置远没有占到成本中这么大的比重。因此驾驶体验被逐步改善的趋势是可以被观察到的。电子技术装置在汽车内置中的出现意味着人们在降低驾驶难度，提高速度和安全性的持续发展中开始侧重人类的情感需求反应。现在，人们已经想象将车子交给计算机自动驾驶了，因此情绪因素和情感状态对于增强安全性和舒适性在计算中更加重要。计算系统目前仍然在监视驾驶员的注意力并自动识别驾驶员各种状态的可行性上进行评估与调整。或许未来的计算识别功能可以根据驾驶员的心情自动调节车内氛围，根据驾驶员的坐姿识别他是否处于疲惫的身体状态。这些功能在未来都具备实现的可能性，自动驾驶汽车的影响将不仅限于公共交通系统，应该还具有震撼其他行业的潜力。无论如何，研究驾驶员的情感模型是计算程式中首要进行的，因为从手动驾驶到计算机自动驾驶，仍然有巨大的心理障碍等待着人们克服。